Harriet Tubman Essay - 2304 Words

Harriet Tubman By Blake Snider December 5, 2010 Professor J Arrieta Seminar Critical Inquiry Harriet Tubman is a woman of faith and dignity who saved many African American men and women through courage and love for God. One would ponder what would drive someone to bring upon pain and suffering to one’s self just to help others. Harriet Tubman was an African American women that took upon many roles during her time just as abolitionist, humanitarian, and a Union Spy during the American civil war. Her deeds not only saved lives during these terrible time’s but also gave other African Americans the courage to stand up for what they believe in and achieve equal rights for men in women in the world no†¦show more content†¦The sad part is that people that thought the men were the most important workers, but without the women none of the duties would have been finished. They served and equal role in making the plantation work and weren’t given the credit they deserved. Without the women staying in the house and looking after the children or cooking the meals, none of the men would have food or somewhere to sleep when they were done with their work. One can see that every duty should’ve been seen as equal. The women could do the same duties as the men and vice versa either way the duties are all needed to make the system work. Women’s rights have improved drastically since that time but there still is a stigma that men are better than women. This type of view is wrong and shouldn’t even be thought about in the world we live into today. Woman server a great purpose in the world we live in and should be considered equal in all aspects of life. If one were to ponder this idea seriously we can see without out women no children are born. The sad truth is that women still have to fight for their rights in every aspect of their daily lives. The typical women in society makes only .70 cents for every dollar that a man would make doing the same job. One would think that one hundred and fifty years later women would be considered equal counterparts to men. â€Å"There has been progress toward greater workplace equality, but we still have a long ways toShow MoreRelatedHarriet Tubman Essay586 Words   |  3 PagesHarriet Tubman Harriet Tubman was a very interesting women. Harriet Tubman, was born as Araminta Ross in 1819 or 1820 in Dorchester County, Maryland. Araminta Tubman had changed her name to Harriet after her mother, and Ross of course was after her father. Harriet was born into slavery. There were eight children in her family and she was the sixth. Her mother died when she was only five years old. The first person that ownedRead More Harriet Tubman Essay552 Words   |  3 Pages Harriet Tubman was an important African American who ran away from slavery and guided runaway slaves to the north for years. During the Civil War she served as a scout, spy, and nurse for the United States Army. After that, she worked for the rights of blacks and women. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Harriet Tubman was really named Araminta Ross, but she later adopted her mother’s first name. She was one of eleven children of Harriet Greene and Benjamin Ross. She was five when she worked on a plantationRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1510 Words   |  7 PagesThis memoir covers the life of Harriet Tubman who was a slave known for her extraordinary chip away at the Underground Railroad. Harriet Tubman was conceived in Dorchester County, Maryland on March, 1822. This novel discusses how Harriet Tubman had the capacity escape bondage in the south in the year of 1849 and looked for some kind of employment in the north. Particularly in Philadelphia, where she worked in inns to raise enough cash to bolster her needs. She would then migrate to Canada and inRead MoreEssay On Harriet Tubman1602 Words   |  7 PagesHarriet Tubman â€Å"I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I had a right to, liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other.† -Tubman The world was blessed with Harriet Tubman in 1822 on the eastern shore of Maryland. Unfortunately, Tubman was born into this world as a slave and lived on a plantation with her family, which consisted of four brothers and four sisters. Her parents named her Araminta â€Å"Minty† Ross but soon, with the coming of age, she changed herRead MoreEssay On Harriet Tubman1771 Words   |  8 PagesHarriet Tubman is well known for a successful role in freeing many slaves through the Underground Railroad. Not many know the major effect she had on the Union Army as a Scout and a spy during the Civil War. Her bravery while helping slaves escape through the Underground Railroad and her assistance in gathering Confederate troops intelligence as a spy changed the history and made a great impact on the on the United States National Defense. Even though Harriet Tubman was a very skillful spy, she hadRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad1422 Words   |  6 PagesHarriet Tubman The Underground Railroad was a system set up to help escaping slaves safely survive their trip to the north. Harriet Tubman was a leader and one of the best conductors on the Underground Railroad. Harriet Tubman made a total of 19 trips into slave holding states freeing around a total of 300 slaves. Huckleberry Fin was written by Mark Twain, Jim one of the main characters was an escaped slave. Harriet Tubman played a significant role in liberating slaves as she worked as a conductorRead MoreHarriet Tubman And The Underground Railroad832 Words   |  4 PagesHarriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad Harriet Tubman was like a conductor on a train. Running the underground railroad to free innocent slaves from certain neglect. What do people think when they hear the name Harriet Tubman. some might think of her as a dirty black others might call her a hero, or moses. Harriet Tubman was a very brave, and courageous woman. In this paper we will explore the childhood, life of slavery, and how she came to be known as the women called moses. Araminta wasRead MoreThe Ingenious Works Of Harriet Tubman1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe ingenious works of Harriet Tubman, William Still, and Thomas Garrett pushed the abolitionist movement towards success. Due to the torturous conditions of slavery, these three individuals relentlessly worked towards their goal of having the Underground Railroad prosper. Harriet Tubman was one of the main and most well known conductors of the Underground Railroad, she led numerous trips to help deliver slaves to freedom over the course of her adult life. William Still assisted our modern historiansRead MoreSojourner Truth And Harriet Tubman947 Words   |  4 PagesSojourner truth and Harriet Tubman made a huge impact during slavery times. Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman were two women who were born into slavery. They both suffered from bad treatment from their owner. Also, they both later in their lives ran away from their enslavement. Sojourner Truth and Harriet Tubman both took part in issue s dealing with civil rights and were abolitionists. They both went different ways in helping other slaves with obtaining their freedom. Sojourner Truth was an abolitionistRead MorePersuasive Essay On Harriet Tubman1193 Words   |  5 Pagesrest, however. Harriet Tubman risked her life many times to free her people from unjust enslavement, Mother Jones organized more obvious methods to set laws in place against child labor, and nowadays Christine Caine and the A21 Organization fight to save and protect victims of human trafficking. These three people have all fought valiantly, and continue to fight today, for the justice that every oppressed individual deserves, as they believe in equality for all on Earth. Harriet Tubman, a slave on

History Of The Russian States Summary - 715 Words

History of the Russian states The chapter talks about Russia’s history and their failures and what ought to be done to bring order in Russia. This history is a description of various historical events in Russia including various leaders and their historical events and failures. This history is communicated in the form of a poem. The poet crafted the piece lamenting of various leaders who took leadership in Russia and never brought order. The persona that was used by the poet to communicate his ideas and message shows how Russian land is fertile and rich of useful resources. The persona at some instance calls for the foreigners to come to their land and bring order. They say the Germans liberal†¦.Well shower you with silver, of which†¦show more content†¦The chapter looks into various civilizations in the world. The world during this century was characterized by various civilization activities. The chapter looks at civilization I various aspects which include technologies that were used for v arious economic activities in various parts of the world as well as political development in this century. The chapter further looks keenly looks into the civilization in various parts of the world. The chapter looks at various aspects of the diverse economies of the world. The economic activities in the world at this century included mining in China and other parts of the world, pastoral communities of both Asia and West Africa. At the beginning of the chapter, we are introduced to the current perspective of Christopher Columbus as opposed to the praise he was accorded in the nineteenth century (Bontrager pg., 500). He, therefore, contributed to civilization and the movement of slaves from various parts of the world to America. Reflection After reading this chapter and especially where the author mentions Columbus, I learnt about the insight into civilization in America where Columbus was at its center as it is recorded in history that he was the discoverer of America. The knowledge that I gained after reading this chapter further helped me to understand how civilization occurred in various parts of the world and particularly the settlement and technological advancementShow MoreRelatedThe Emerald City1217 Words   |  5 PagesThe Emerald City What people don’t know about Seattle, Washington also known as The Emerald City, is that from May to September, it’s usually dry. Seattle is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Washington. Even with all the raining, it never storms. The city has only reported seven thunder storms in the last year. A lot of big names companies had there start here. The Space Needle is the largest landmark in Washington. Compared to Sochi Russia, there are a lot of things in common and atRead MorePeter The Great ( 1672-1725 )1121 Words   |  5 Pagesfamily and other nobility. After the rebellion an accord was reached that Peter and his half-brother Ivan would rule jointly under the regency of their sister Sophia, this would remain in effect for 7 years. Peter, not interested in the affairs of the state, travelled throughout Europe studying numerous crafts; having a particular proclivity for shipbuilding. He returned in 1688 and began to attend council meetings. In response Soph ia ordered the Streltsy to kill Peter. However, Peter was warned and tookRead MoreEssay about The Digital Millennium Copyright Act1449 Words   |  6 PagesMillennium Copyright Act Signed into law by President Clinton on October 28, 1998, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) was the foundation of an effort by Congress to implement United States treaty obligations and to move the nations copyright law into the digital age. (Executive Summary DMCA Report) While this seems a valid description of the law, perhaps a more accurate interpretation lies in the following statement: The DMCA is a piece of legislation rushed through Congress byRead MoreBusiness Marketing Of Foreign Buyers1476 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational purchases in the state was over 36% last year.† Bingo! On top of these real estate stats there is also the information from the EB-5 visa program that the Chinese receive a whopping 85% of all green cards for foreign investors in commercial real estate in the U.S. And of course the Chinese commercial investors buy family homes too. Case study #5. Greece real estate and Russian buyers in 2015. Why should Greek property sellers chose the Russian buyers as their first targetRead MoreBook Review on the Last Manchu1091 Words   |  5 Pagesby: Paul Kramer Submitted by: Tiffany Joy A. Candelaria 2 History I. Brief Summary This book is an autobiography of a man who became The Emperor of the Manchu Dynasty, at two years of age, named Henry Pu Yi. He lived a life as an emperor up until China’s government became republic and seized his powers. Until then, he continued his life back in Tientsin and tried to continue his legacy by being head of a Japanese puppet state. In spite of all his hard work, he still encountered a lot ofRead MoreVasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov ( Arkhipov )1407 Words   |  6 PagesAlexandrovich was born in a peasant family on January 30 1926 in Olovo, Moscow Oblast Russian Soviet union where he went to caspian higher naval school. Notes: Born January 30, 1926. In Olovo, Moscow Oblast, Russian. He was in the Family of the Moscow for a very long time . He was educated in the higher education School that wasnt for a normal average person . He later participated in the Soviet- Japanese War in in the Russian navy August of 1945, serving aboard a minesweeper. He transferred to the NavalRead MoreReasons for Vladimir Is Conversion to Christianity and How It Changed the Culture of Eastern Slavs1730 Words   |  7 PagesChristianity allowed the country and its people to expand in various areas of art, architecture and education. These areas of culture effected and shaped the events in the history of Russia that followed. The Primary Chronicle tells the tale of how a representative of each faith, western Christianity, Judaism and Islam each gave a brief summary of their religion.4 Vladimir rebuffed each faith because of different factors that would not suit his people.5 Although the Primary Chronicle is semi-legendary withRead MoreEssay Race to the Moon1645 Words   |  7 PagesThe space race was a battle for technological superiority between the United States and the Soviet Union during the cold war. Each wanted to showcase the strengths of their political and economic systems. Its effects were far reaching; most notably the space race acted as a relief valve to the military tensions during this era of potential nuclear warfare, it eventually expanded collaboration on issues of mutual interest and provided opportunities to work together although deep mistrust and disdainRead MoreThe United States National Security Strategies1398 Words   |  6 PagesTHE UNITED STATES NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGIES Earlier this year, the White House published its National Security Strategy, this lengthy document provides detailed safety instructions aimed at guiding security measures for the President and his administration, a strategy which lasts for the duration of the presidency. The need for outlined security measures is a direct result of the many challenges that the United States and its allies are facing today. By creating this document, the White HouseRead MoreThe Marshall Plan For The Cold War1724 Words   |  7 PagesWestern Europe, in which the United States gave $13 billion in economic support to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. The plan was in operation for four years beginning in April 1947. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-devastated regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, and make Europe prosperous again. It also aimed at promoting business in the United States by providing a strong market for Europe. But Russi an Historians believed that there

Differentiating Between Market Structures Paper on Kudler...

Differentiating Between Market Structures on Kudler Fine Foods ECO/365 University of Phoenix Week 4 Individual Assignment March 11, 2013 Differentiating Between Market Structures The analysis will apply important microeconomic concepts toward the competitive strategies of the Kudler Fine Food Virtual Organization, which affect its long-term profitability. The analysis will evaluate the differences between market structures and review the organization’s strategic plan, marketing overview, market surveys, and other material to evaluate the organization’s competitiveness in the marketplace, including its customers’ views. The analysis will identify the market structure that best applies to the organization, and assess how the†¦show more content†¦The firms profit maximizing output is less than the output associated with minimum average cost. The firm’s demand curve is not flat but is downward sloping. Thus in the long-run the demand curve will be tangential to the long-run average cost curve at a point to the left of its minimum. The result is excess capacity.† Also according to Investopedia (2013), â€Å"These types of firms are inefficient; it is usually the case that the costs of regulating prices for every product sold far exceed the benefits of such regulation. However, it would not have to regulate every product and every firm just the most important ones.† A firm could be said to be marginally inefficient because it produces at an output where average total cost is not a minimum. This type of market is a productively inefficient market structure because marginal cost is less than price in the long-run. Markets are also inefficient as the price given is higher than marginal cost. The competitive strategies the analysis recommends are as follows: 1) Continue with plans to automate inventory and ordering systems, 2) Hire someone with financial background to help Kathy, 3) Develop a website and ordering system, 4) Develop the catering side of the business, 5) Finish site location for Carlsbad store, 6) Open Carlsbad store and close Del MarShow MoreRelatedKudler Fine Foods: Analysis of the Market Structures and Strategic Planning1079 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract This paper presents an analysis of the market structures, strategic planning, market environment, and internal environment of Kudler Fine Food in order to suggest the best market structure which can be helpful for its long-term profitability and recommend strategies which can make it more competitive and successful among its industry rivals. Difference between Market Structures There are four types of market structures: Monopolistic Competition, Monopoly, Oligopoly, and Perfect CompetitionRead MoreDifferentiating Between Market Structures1598 Words   |  7 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures Jennifer Lavallee ECO/365 May 27, 2013 Market structure is the physical characteristics of the market within which companies react. This means that there are different kinds of market structure based on how companies work together within a particular industry. Location and product have the most to do with determining the market structure. There are four defined market types. The first market structure is called the perfectly competitive market. TheRead MoreEco 365 Uop Differentiating Between Market Structures Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures ECO365 Kudler Fine Foods is the brain child of Kathy Kudler. She envisioned a one stop gourmet food store and has grown to three locations to date. She continues to maintain direct control over large bulk purchase order items, stringent customer service policies, and hiring. This paper discusses how the organization competes in the marketplace and the strengths and weaknesses of the company according to the marketing surveys their customers completedRead MoreKudler Fine Food- Eco 365 Essay1106 Words   |  5 PagesDifferentiating Between Market Structures in Kudler ECO 365/ Lisa Messemer Sharonda Shelton July 23, 2012 Kudler Foods specializes in providing unique and high quality ingredients for the gourmet chef. In an effort to increase profits, the company is interested in adding catering to its service offerings. The

Martin Luther King And The White House - 922 Words

Martin Luther King and The White House Throughout the Civil Right Movement, Martin Luther King, Jr. (MLK) and other civil rights leaders worked with the executive branch to move towards equal rights. Though the civil rights movement spanned many administrations, the most progress occurred during the terms of President Kennedy and President Johnson, thus we will examine the relationship between two different Presidential administrations Martin Luther King, Jr. Each correspondence between the two groups is different. They vary in formality, recipients, and purpose; therefore these primary sources also show the evolution of the relationship. Citizens of this country, especially minorities, have not always been treated with rights grant to†¦show more content†¦Johnson (Civil Rights). Though Martin Luther King Jr. worked very closely with the White House, many of the early correspondences were very formal. Two prime examples of this are his invitation to John F. Kennedy’s inauguration and a telegraph sent in response the Birmingham bombing (Figure 1). The stiffness of the invitation might seem obvious, but it is very important to note. Though MLK did not attend the ceremony, the letter signifies the desire of the administration to have him seen as a political ally. Two years later MLK sent a telegram to the White House. In the telegram, he condemns the bombing and implores the Kennedy administration to make change saying, â€Å"However, I am convinced that unless some steps are taken by the federal government to restore a sense of confidence in the protection of life†¦ we shall see the worst racial holocaust this nation has ever seen,† (Figure 1). This is not a suggestion passed along casually, but an attempt to establish respect on a very perti nent issue. It is true that corresponding with the highest position in the land might call for some formality, but MLK was often times informal during one on one conversation with White House personnel. This can be seen in his letter to Special Assistant Frank D. Reeves. In a letter written on February 28, 1961 King addresses Reeves as one might a friend. King only uses last names in both his greeting and closing of the letters. Moreover, King reveals his personal thoughts on

How The World Has Changed Through The Eyes Of The People

The Authors use expository to show how the world has changed through the years each book was made in the eyes of the people. Also it shows how things have changed since the time they were written then and the way they are written now. â€Å"An author s purpose is the reason an author decides to write about a specific topic. The author must decide whether his purpose for writing is to inform, persuade, entertain, or explain his ideas to the reader. In To Kill a Mockingbird it takes place in Alabama during the Depression, and is narrated by the main character, a little girl named Jean Louise Scout Finch. The story shows how a small town lawyer can make a big difference in a racist community. The Help takes place in 1960s Mississippi where a†¦show more content†¦This quote is an ideal example of my selected theme because it shows how Atticus is treating everyone the same way and the way that he wants to be treated. At this time in the novel Atticus is talking to Link about the differences of blacks versus whites. â€Å"You know the truth, and the truth is this: Some negroes lie, some negroes are immoral, some negroes are not to be trusted around women. This is the same idea with white men.† (Lee chapter.23) This quote shows that some characters (well Atticus) care about others and sees that blacks are not the only bad people in this world.This quote is a good example of my theme because it shows how Atticus treats everyone the same black or white. The death of Aibileen s son Treelore. â€Å"But it wasn t too long before I seen something in me had changed. A bitter seed was planted inside a me. And I just didn t feel so accepting anymore.† (Stockett chapter 14)This quote shows that Aibileen wants equality for all. If someone kills her son it should be known to everybody. This is an important example because it shows important equality is. The presentation for equality is unique because its not show as trying to treat others the same, but to show and make everyone feel what you have to go through. Aibileen is seduced into Skeeter s plan by the sudden hope of truth â€Å"Truth†¦ It feels cool, like water washing over my sticky-hot body. Cooling a heat that s been burning me up all my life.† (Stockett chapter 15) Individuality is the

Conflict between states and conflicts resolution free essay sample

Conflict usually occurs primarily as a result of a clash of interests in the relationship between parties, groups or states, either because they pursuing opposing or incompatible goals. Although the term war is sometimes used as a synonym for conflict, it is more usual to restrict the meaning of war to violent conflict, involving armed forces. But like war, conflict is and has been throughout history a normal way of conducting disputes between political groups within human society. As David Weeks puts it, â€Å"conflict is an inevitable outcome of human diversity and a world without conflict is not desirable, because it would mean a world without diversity. † Mean of conflict It as an activity which takes place when conscious beings wish to carry out mutually inconsistent acts concerning their wants, needs or obligations. Conflict is an escalation of a disagreement, which is its common prerequisite, and is characterized by the existence of conflict behaviour, in which the beings are actively trying to damage one another. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict between states and conflicts resolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Character of a conflict is largely shaped by the causes of the incompatibility. The character is often linked to another and many of the ongoing conflicts. Causes for the conflicts between states can be grouped as: 1- Political:- i. Incompatibility over political system ii. Desire of succession iii. Desire of autonomy iv. Power relation 2- Socio-culture:- incompatibility over ethnic religion or ideological conception 3- Economic:- incompatibility over distribution of resources 4- Territorial:- incompatibility over boundaries, regional dominance or autonomy We are mainly concern about territorial conflicts which are the part of political geography. On this we will only discuss about nature of boundaries related conflicts between states in all over the world. Types of conflicts There are mainly four types of conflicts which take place in different parts of world. It can be between two or more states and also within the states. Its intensity is differing among these fragile states, its intensity is depend upon the current socio-economic-political situation of the states. 1- Intra-state conflict 2- Inter-state conflict 3- Non-state conflict 4- Extra-state conflict Five Beliefs that Propel Groups or States towards Conflict Roy Eidelson and Judy Eidelson (2003) investigated some of the important roles that beliefs may play in triggering or constraining conflict between groups. On the basis of a review of relevant literature, five belief domains stand out as especially noteworthy: Superiority, injustice, vulnerability, distrust and helplessness. 1. Superiority Individual-level core belief: This core belief revolves around a persons enduring conviction that he or she is better than other people in important ways. The cluster of attitudes commonly associated with this belief includes a sense of specialness, deserving ness, and entitlement. Group-level worldview: Many of these elements are also present in the superiority worldview at the group level. This worldview encompasses shared convictions of moral superiority, chosenness, entitlement and special destiny. Several joint working committees of the American Psychological Association have identified belief in the superiority of one groups cultural heritage (history, values, language, traditions, arts and crafts, etc. ) over anothers as a defining characteristic of the phenomenon they termed ethnocentric monoculturalism. 2. Injustice Individual-level core belief: The perceived mistreatment by specific others or by the world at large. This mindset can lead the individual to identify something as unfair which is merely unfortunate, and thereby to inappropriately engage in retaliatory acts. Group-level worldview: The injustice worldview reflects the in-groups conviction that it has significant and legitimate grievances against another group. This mindset can mobilize powerful and violent collective insurgencies, especially because shared perceptions of injustice typically heighten the identification and allegiance that individuals feel towards their group. Further, these assessments of mistreatment are particularly common across cultural divides because different cultures tend to have different definitions for what constitutes justice, and different norms for how it should be achieved. 3. Vulnerability Individual-level core belief: The vulnerability core belief revolves around a persons conviction that he or she s perpetually living in harms way. Vulnerability involves a persons perception of him or herself as subject to internal or external dangers over which control is lacking, or is insufficient to afford him or her a sense of safety. Group-level worldview: Important parallels to this individual-level core belief are present in a collective vulnerability worldview that again appears to be widespread among ethnic groups. Fears about the future are the most common cause of ethnic conflicts and often produce spiralling violence. The vulnerability worldview is catastrophic thinking in which a groups imagined worst case scenarios take on the inexorable logic of inevitability. 4. Distrust Individual-level core belief: This core belief focuses on the presumed hostility and malign intent of others. The critical role played by issues of trust in individual psychological development has long been recognized. The expectation that others will hurt, abuse, humiliate, cheat, lie, or take advantage usually involves the perception that harm is intentional or the result of unjustified and extreme negligence. People who consistently assume the worst about the intentions of others prevent truly collaborative relationships from developing. Group-level worldview: As an extension of this individual-level core belief to larger groups.  the distrust worldview focuses specifically on perceptions of out groups and revolves around beliefs that the other is untrustworthy and harbours malign intentions toward the in-group. 5. Helplessness Individual-level core belief: The conviction that even carefully planned and executed actions will fail to produce desired outcomes. In some cases, the individual may perceive him or herself as lacking the ability necessary to attain a goal. Regardless of the ex tent to which helplessness is a matter of distorted perception or objective reality, this core belief tends to be self-perpetuating because it diminishes motivation. Group-level worldview: The helplessness worldview describes a collective mindset of powerlessness and dependency. The extent to which a group perceives itself as helpless reflects assessments not only of its capabilities, but also of whether the environment is rich or poor in opportunities for group advancement. Territorial conflicts are main causes of disputes between states which leads to a situation like war with each other. And territorial conflicts occur mainly due to the boundary disputes’ between states. In the world, boundary disputes is a one of the main cause for the conflicts between states so we emphasise mainly boundary disputes between states . to understand the boundary dispute , first of all we need to familiar with its main term boundary which is main fragile factor for conflicts. Boundary A boundary is a real or imaginary line that separates two things. In geography, boundaries separate different regions of the Earth. OR Vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below and the airspace above the surface. Physical Boundaries The most obvious type of boundary is a physical boundary. A physical boundary is a naturally occurring barrier between two areas. Rivers, mountain ranges, oceans, and deserts can all serve as physical boundaries. Many times, political boundaries between countries or states form along physical boundaries. For example, the boundary between France and Spain follows the peaks of the Pyrenees Mountains, while the Alps separate France from Italy. The Strait of Gibraltar is the boundary between south-western Europe and north-western Africa. This narrow waterway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea is an important political, economic, and social boundary between the continents. Rivers are common boundaries between nations, states, and smaller political units such as counties. The Rio Grande forms a large part of the boundary between Mexico and the United States. Political Boundaries Political boundaries are the dividing lines between countries, states, provinces, counties, and cities. These lines, more often called borders, are created by people to separate areas governed by different groups Sometimes, political boundaries follow physical boundaries. Political boundaries change over time through wars, treaties, and trade. After World War II, the map of Europe was almost completely redrawn. Germany’s eastern border was moved farther west, and the country itself was later divided into East and West Germany. In 1803, the United States bought 2,147,000 square kilometres (828,800 square miles) of land in a treaty with France. This land, the Louisiana Purchase, expanded the size of the U. S. to include the areas that are now Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Minnesota, North and South Dakota, New Mexico, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and Louisiana. The western boundary of the U.S. moved from the Mississippi River to what is now Yellowstone National Park. Other Boundaries Political boundaries are just one type of artificial, or man-made, boundary. Other boundaries created by people includelinguistic, economic, and social boundaries Linguistic boundaries form between areas where people speak different languages. Often, these boundaries match political boundaries. For exam ple, the predominant language in France is French, and the predominant language in Germany is German. Economic boundaries divide people with different incomes or levels of wealth. Sometimes these boundaries fall on national borders. The border between the developed country of the United States and the underdeveloped country of Mexico is an economic boundary as well as a political one. Natural resources also play a role in economic boundaries. Social boundaries occur where social differences lead to unequal access to resources and opportunities. Some of these boundary issues include race, gender, religion, and physical abilities. In some places, women may not have access to certain jobs or be allowed to travel in certain areas. In Saudi Arabia, for instance, all women must have a male guardian. This guardian’s approval is required for women to travel, seek health care, manage personal finances, marry, or divorce. This social boundary discourages many women from seeking leadership positions in business or government. Social boundaries can also form along religious lines. The nation of Sudan has many distinct religious social boundaries. Northern Sudan is mostly Muslim, southwestern Sudan is mostly Christian, and southeastern Sudan has more followers of animism than the other two regions. Sudan suffered more than 20 years of civil war, and South Sudan voted to secede from Sudan as a separate nation in 2011. Boundary Dispute:- When two countries disagree about the border that separates them. There are the four types of boundary dispute 1. Definitional disputes (positional disputes) Countries disagree over the legal language of the boundary in the treaty. One country will sue another in World Court. 2. Locational disputes arguments arise when definition of boundary isn’t questioned, but interpretation of the boarder is. usually a physical boarder has shifted -e. g. a river 3. Allocational disputes (resource disputes)arguments arise when definition of boundary isn’t questioned, but the use of it is. Disagreement over who should have access Resources Usually in the ocean or underground. 4. Operational disputes (functional disputes) Arguments arise over how the boarder should be administered e. g. disagreements over immigration and trade. Major reason for boundary dispute This is a main question about the conflicts between statesthat is important to our world today. For example, Israel and Palestine are fighting over land right now and this conflict can be disastrous to many. China is also disputing Japan and the Philippines over two islands as well. So, this question is very alive and well today. With that said, there are many reasons why nations dispute over land. Perhaps the greatest reason why nations dispute land is due to natural resources. What makes land very valuable is what is on or under the land. For example, is there is gas, gold, oil, or any number of other commodities, then that land is very desirable. This is the case with China, Japan and the Philippines. There are debating the deposit of natural gases in the disputed area. Another reason of dispute is access to water, which make the land more fertile. In short, there is usually something about the land that both nations want. Another possible cause is the lack of clear borders. This is what the problem is in the South China Sea and it is also why there is conflict to some extent as the ice melts in the Arctic. The Palestinians and Israelis are not fighting over resources but over the land itself. Sometimes, land is a surrogate for a desire on each side to have power. Often boundary disputes result from differences between distinct cultures, ethnic groups, or political systems. For instance, the mainland Chinese claim that both Tibet and Taiwan are part of China, whereas both India and Pakistan lay claim to Kashmir. Boundary disputes resulting from religious differences include the one just mentioned (between India and Pakistan), as well as various disputes in the mideast. Boundary disputes resulting from ethnic differences are also important, such as those between the Turks and the Kurds. Top ten boundary disputes are describe as fallow:-  · Iran-Iraq-Turkey: the Kurdish homeland issue  · China-Japan-Taiwan: the sovereignty dispute over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands and related maritime boundaries  · Japan-Russia: the Kuril Islands/Northern Territories sovereignty dispute  · India-Pakistan: their dispute over Jammu and Kashmir  · Iran-United Arab Emirates: the dispute over Abu Musa and the Tunb islands  · China-South Korea: their unresolved maritime boundary  · The Spratly Islands, disputed among China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei also claims maritime jurisdiction there.  · Japan-South Korea: the sovereignty dispute over Liancourt Rocks (Tokdo/Takeshima) and the related maritime boundary issues  · Armenia-Azerbaijan: the issue of Nagorno-Karabakh The world is divided in countless ways, by seas, cultures, languages, religions and wealth. But the most contentious divide is that of the political borders. They can be traced back to the early Egyptian Dynasties and have shaped the history that we know today. As a result of their long history, borders are ever changing and continually disputed. Some disputes end up being peacefully solved, some end in war, and some continue to this day. Abkhazia and South Ossetia Claims: Georgia vs. Republic of Abkhazia and Republic of South Ossetia Both Abkhazia and South Ossetia are breakaway republics from Georgia in the Caucasus. The two little known territories have battled for independence from Georgia since the 1920s, but are still unsuccessful in their claims. As a result of the Russian Revolution in 1917, under the Soviet Union, Abkhazia and South Ossetia became part of Georgia as two autonomous republics. However, Abkhazia and South Ossetia declared independence from Soviet Georgia in 1923 and 1922 respectively, after wars in the 1920s. Further troubles started in the early 90s, during the demise of the Soviet Union, when Georgia declared independence from the USSR, and adopted its old constitution. Many believed the old constitution would eliminate the autonomy of the regions, but in fact it didn’t. The troubles eventually led to wars in 1992 and 2008. After the 2008 war, Russia officially recognized the countries as two, separate and individual states, and along with Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru and Vanuatu is one of the only countries to officially recognize the states. The UN, EU and NATO, however, refuse to recognize Abkhazia and South Ossetia as sovereign states. Kosovo Claims: Republic of Serbia vs. Republic of Kosovo Here we have another, more famous dispute, regarding land that once belonged to a socialist republic. This time however, it involves the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia has a long and interesting history, but we will be concentrating on the decline of the socialist state in the 1990s. During the demise, 5 new states were formed: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia and FR Yugoslavia. FR Yugoslavia also contained the autonomous region of Kosovo. War broke out in 1998-99 when the â€Å"Kosovo Liberation Army† fought for independence against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The UN was very much on the side of the KLA, and helped with the bombing of FR Yugoslavia. After the war, FR Yugoslavia relinquished all claims to Kosovo and accepted it as a UN controlled region. FR Yugoslavia then split into two individual states, Serbia and Montenegro, in 2006. Kosovo then declared independence from Serbia, on 17th February, 2008, with its capital city as Pristina. It is officially recognized by 80 UN member states, plus Taiwan. It is a member of the IMF and World Bank Group; however it is still, technically, a partially recognized state.

starbucks a global brand

Question: How did the CEO make starbucks a global brand , Benefits of effective relationship marketing in international market and benefit of customer commitment toward the brand ? Answer: Brand that is popular and widely accepted by not only the local consumers, but by the consumers all over the world is known as a global brand. Organizations that are responsible for producing global brands always identify the relative attractiveness of each market for that brand. (Swoboda et al. 2012). International marketing refers to a marketing strategy performed by transatlantic companies or across the border. Within this marketing, the companies are forced to extend their techniques that they use in the main country. In the beginning, Starbucks was just a single caf out in Seattle. They used to make great coffee but their structure was like any other coffee shop with no uniqueness and differences. Then the CEO of the organization implemented some strategies that allowed Starbucks not only to gain competitive advantage but also to become a global brand (Kotabe et al. 2014). Some of those major strategies were values for values, allowing employees the best chance to succeed and listen accurately before responding. Relationship marketing includes several benefits for an organization that is planning to make their mark in global markets. Communication through social media, which is an important tool of relationship marketing, allows an organization to connect with the customers or the followers by sharing relevant content with them that is both educational and entertaining. On the other hand, customers want to feel special and important as most of the times they do not get to feel that way in other areas of life (Swoboda et al. 2012). An organization can fulfill those needs of the customers by providing something that is more than just a product or service such as an experience that they will remember for a long time. A memory that an organization can create with its customers by relationship marketing will drive them to come back more quickly and frequently, thus develops business opportunity. The biggest benefits of customer loyalty comes from word-of-mouth advertising when existing customers of an organization such as Starbuck will recommend the brand to his friends and families. Besides, an organization will be able to keep its strong even in poor times, as loyal customers will never walk away. The Chinese changed the tea drinking habit because tea is one of the oldest cultures of China. The Chinese are working towards, and researching to the method of effective tea drinking made them go with the change in the culture. The consumers of China even want to divert their traditional views about the drinking and are trying to be more western is also the reason of changing the tea habit of China. China is an important part of the market in the Starbucks because, after 14 years of persuasion to China and make them buy the foreign coffee culture the Starbucks aimed to make the rapid expansion of the company. The company even aimed to capture a larger market with the strategy of going local rather cultural. It is expected that Starbucks will gain more success by targeting local preferences rather than cultural preferences. A joint venture of the company is defined as the commercial enterprise taken up jointly by either two or more parties retaining the individual identities (Kotabe et al. 2014). The advantages of the joint ventures in China are: The class of consumers expands in a rapid sense. The middle and upper class of people can now afford to buy commodities beyond necessity. Western brands are regarded as the most demanding because the brands provide good qualities of products and customer service. Also, the western franchises bring new and updated system is the business procedure. China made effective measures for the business owners to come and establish their business or making a franchise or enter in the joint venture. The second and third tier cities are now open for the business as there is an increase of potential customers who would prefer expensive and Western commodities. The disadvantages of the joint ventures in China are: The intellectual property protection is not secured in the business with an inadequate legal framework. Many local companies take the name and logo to form a fake company which may adversely affect the goodwill of the qualified brands. The local managers do not have management skills. The evaluating license is a tough job. Lots of markets increase the competition hence; sometimes the product has to be sold at fewer prices to survive in the market. Intermediate market entry mode is applied when an organization can transfer some of their value chain into a foreign market where it is going to expand its business. Four primary types of Intermediate entry modes are contract manufacturing, licensing, joint venture and franchising (Wang et al. 2013). Contract manufacturing entry strategy within intermediate market entry mode can be applied when an organization is planning to communicate with the foreign customers closely. Besides, if the foreign production costs are low including transportation cost, then companies deicide to transfer their manufacturing unit in that country. Biggest example of such decision is Apple as their biggest I-Phone manufacturing unit is located in China (Mukherjee and Tsai 2013). On the other hand, another intermediate entry mode strategy that is Discuss licensing is different from contract manufacturing as it contains long-term policies along with greater responsibilities to complete. One such example is the contract between Toyota and Witricity. References: Brown, M.A., Staver, B., Smith, A.M. and Sibley, J., 2015. Alternative Business Models for Energy Efficiency: Emerging Trends in the Southeast.The Electricity Journal,28(4), pp.103-117. Hattox, R.S., 2014.Coffee and coffeehouses: the origins of a social beverage in the medieval Near East. University of Washington Press. Kotabe, M., Jiang, C.X. and Murray, J.Y., 2014. Examining the complementary effect of political networking capability with absorptive capacity on the innovative performance of emerging-market firms.Journal of Management, p.0149206314548226. Mukherjee, A. and Tsai, Y., 2013. Technology licensing under optimal tax policy.Journal of Economics,108(3), pp.231-247. Swoboda, B., Pennemann, K. and Taube, M., 2012. The effects of perceived brand globalness and perceived brand localness in China: Empirical evidence on western, Asian, and domestic retailers.Journal of International Marketing,20(4), pp.72-95. Wang, K.C.A., Liang, W.J. and Chou, P.S., 2013. Patent licensing under cost asymmetry among firms.Economic Modelling,31, pp.297-307.