Martin Luther King And The White House - 922 Words

Martin Luther King and The White House Throughout the Civil Right Movement, Martin Luther King, Jr. (MLK) and other civil rights leaders worked with the executive branch to move towards equal rights. Though the civil rights movement spanned many administrations, the most progress occurred during the terms of President Kennedy and President Johnson, thus we will examine the relationship between two different Presidential administrations Martin Luther King, Jr. Each correspondence between the two groups is different. They vary in formality, recipients, and purpose; therefore these primary sources also show the evolution of the relationship. Citizens of this country, especially minorities, have not always been treated with rights grant to†¦show more content†¦Johnson (Civil Rights). Though Martin Luther King Jr. worked very closely with the White House, many of the early correspondences were very formal. Two prime examples of this are his invitation to John F. Kennedy’s inauguration and a telegraph sent in response the Birmingham bombing (Figure 1). The stiffness of the invitation might seem obvious, but it is very important to note. Though MLK did not attend the ceremony, the letter signifies the desire of the administration to have him seen as a political ally. Two years later MLK sent a telegram to the White House. In the telegram, he condemns the bombing and implores the Kennedy administration to make change saying, â€Å"However, I am convinced that unless some steps are taken by the federal government to restore a sense of confidence in the protection of life†¦ we shall see the worst racial holocaust this nation has ever seen,† (Figure 1). This is not a suggestion passed along casually, but an attempt to establish respect on a very perti nent issue. It is true that corresponding with the highest position in the land might call for some formality, but MLK was often times informal during one on one conversation with White House personnel. This can be seen in his letter to Special Assistant Frank D. Reeves. In a letter written on February 28, 1961 King addresses Reeves as one might a friend. King only uses last names in both his greeting and closing of the letters. Moreover, King reveals his personal thoughts on

How The World Has Changed Through The Eyes Of The People

The Authors use expository to show how the world has changed through the years each book was made in the eyes of the people. Also it shows how things have changed since the time they were written then and the way they are written now. â€Å"An author s purpose is the reason an author decides to write about a specific topic. The author must decide whether his purpose for writing is to inform, persuade, entertain, or explain his ideas to the reader. In To Kill a Mockingbird it takes place in Alabama during the Depression, and is narrated by the main character, a little girl named Jean Louise Scout Finch. The story shows how a small town lawyer can make a big difference in a racist community. The Help takes place in 1960s Mississippi where a†¦show more content†¦This quote is an ideal example of my selected theme because it shows how Atticus is treating everyone the same way and the way that he wants to be treated. At this time in the novel Atticus is talking to Link about the differences of blacks versus whites. â€Å"You know the truth, and the truth is this: Some negroes lie, some negroes are immoral, some negroes are not to be trusted around women. This is the same idea with white men.† (Lee chapter.23) This quote shows that some characters (well Atticus) care about others and sees that blacks are not the only bad people in this world.This quote is a good example of my theme because it shows how Atticus treats everyone the same black or white. The death of Aibileen s son Treelore. â€Å"But it wasn t too long before I seen something in me had changed. A bitter seed was planted inside a me. And I just didn t feel so accepting anymore.† (Stockett chapter 14)This quote shows that Aibileen wants equality for all. If someone kills her son it should be known to everybody. This is an important example because it shows important equality is. The presentation for equality is unique because its not show as trying to treat others the same, but to show and make everyone feel what you have to go through. Aibileen is seduced into Skeeter s plan by the sudden hope of truth â€Å"Truth†¦ It feels cool, like water washing over my sticky-hot body. Cooling a heat that s been burning me up all my life.† (Stockett chapter 15) Individuality is the

Conflict between states and conflicts resolution free essay sample

Conflict usually occurs primarily as a result of a clash of interests in the relationship between parties, groups or states, either because they pursuing opposing or incompatible goals. Although the term war is sometimes used as a synonym for conflict, it is more usual to restrict the meaning of war to violent conflict, involving armed forces. But like war, conflict is and has been throughout history a normal way of conducting disputes between political groups within human society. As David Weeks puts it, â€Å"conflict is an inevitable outcome of human diversity and a world without conflict is not desirable, because it would mean a world without diversity. † Mean of conflict It as an activity which takes place when conscious beings wish to carry out mutually inconsistent acts concerning their wants, needs or obligations. Conflict is an escalation of a disagreement, which is its common prerequisite, and is characterized by the existence of conflict behaviour, in which the beings are actively trying to damage one another. We will write a custom essay sample on Conflict between states and conflicts resolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Character of a conflict is largely shaped by the causes of the incompatibility. The character is often linked to another and many of the ongoing conflicts. Causes for the conflicts between states can be grouped as: 1- Political:- i. Incompatibility over political system ii. Desire of succession iii. Desire of autonomy iv. Power relation 2- Socio-culture:- incompatibility over ethnic religion or ideological conception 3- Economic:- incompatibility over distribution of resources 4- Territorial:- incompatibility over boundaries, regional dominance or autonomy We are mainly concern about territorial conflicts which are the part of political geography. On this we will only discuss about nature of boundaries related conflicts between states in all over the world. Types of conflicts There are mainly four types of conflicts which take place in different parts of world. It can be between two or more states and also within the states. Its intensity is differing among these fragile states, its intensity is depend upon the current socio-economic-political situation of the states. 1- Intra-state conflict 2- Inter-state conflict 3- Non-state conflict 4- Extra-state conflict Five Beliefs that Propel Groups or States towards Conflict Roy Eidelson and Judy Eidelson (2003) investigated some of the important roles that beliefs may play in triggering or constraining conflict between groups. On the basis of a review of relevant literature, five belief domains stand out as especially noteworthy: Superiority, injustice, vulnerability, distrust and helplessness. 1. Superiority Individual-level core belief: This core belief revolves around a persons enduring conviction that he or she is better than other people in important ways. The cluster of attitudes commonly associated with this belief includes a sense of specialness, deserving ness, and entitlement. Group-level worldview: Many of these elements are also present in the superiority worldview at the group level. This worldview encompasses shared convictions of moral superiority, chosenness, entitlement and special destiny. Several joint working committees of the American Psychological Association have identified belief in the superiority of one groups cultural heritage (history, values, language, traditions, arts and crafts, etc. ) over anothers as a defining characteristic of the phenomenon they termed ethnocentric monoculturalism. 2. Injustice Individual-level core belief: The perceived mistreatment by specific others or by the world at large. This mindset can lead the individual to identify something as unfair which is merely unfortunate, and thereby to inappropriately engage in retaliatory acts. Group-level worldview: The injustice worldview reflects the in-groups conviction that it has significant and legitimate grievances against another group. This mindset can mobilize powerful and violent collective insurgencies, especially because shared perceptions of injustice typically heighten the identification and allegiance that individuals feel towards their group. Further, these assessments of mistreatment are particularly common across cultural divides because different cultures tend to have different definitions for what constitutes justice, and different norms for how it should be achieved. 3. Vulnerability Individual-level core belief: The vulnerability core belief revolves around a persons conviction that he or she s perpetually living in harms way. Vulnerability involves a persons perception of him or herself as subject to internal or external dangers over which control is lacking, or is insufficient to afford him or her a sense of safety. Group-level worldview: Important parallels to this individual-level core belief are present in a collective vulnerability worldview that again appears to be widespread among ethnic groups. Fears about the future are the most common cause of ethnic conflicts and often produce spiralling violence. The vulnerability worldview is catastrophic thinking in which a groups imagined worst case scenarios take on the inexorable logic of inevitability. 4. Distrust Individual-level core belief: This core belief focuses on the presumed hostility and malign intent of others. The critical role played by issues of trust in individual psychological development has long been recognized. The expectation that others will hurt, abuse, humiliate, cheat, lie, or take advantage usually involves the perception that harm is intentional or the result of unjustified and extreme negligence. People who consistently assume the worst about the intentions of others prevent truly collaborative relationships from developing. Group-level worldview: As an extension of this individual-level core belief to larger groups.  the distrust worldview focuses specifically on perceptions of out groups and revolves around beliefs that the other is untrustworthy and harbours malign intentions toward the in-group. 5. Helplessness Individual-level core belief: The conviction that even carefully planned and executed actions will fail to produce desired outcomes. In some cases, the individual may perceive him or herself as lacking the ability necessary to attain a goal. Regardless of the ex tent to which helplessness is a matter of distorted perception or objective reality, this core belief tends to be self-perpetuating because it diminishes motivation. Group-level worldview: The helplessness worldview describes a collective mindset of powerlessness and dependency. The extent to which a group perceives itself as helpless reflects assessments not only of its capabilities, but also of whether the environment is rich or poor in opportunities for group advancement. Territorial conflicts are main causes of disputes between states which leads to a situation like war with each other. And territorial conflicts occur mainly due to the boundary disputes’ between states. In the world, boundary disputes is a one of the main cause for the conflicts between states so we emphasise mainly boundary disputes between states . to understand the boundary dispute , first of all we need to familiar with its main term boundary which is main fragile factor for conflicts. Boundary A boundary is a real or imaginary line that separates two things. In geography, boundaries separate different regions of the Earth. OR Vertical plane between states that cuts through the rocks below and the airspace above the surface. Physical Boundaries The most obvious type of boundary is a physical boundary. A physical boundary is a naturally occurring barrier between two areas. Rivers, mountain ranges, oceans, and deserts can all serve as physical boundaries. Many times, political boundaries between countries or states form along physical boundaries. For example, the boundary between France and Spain follows the peaks of the Pyrenees Mountains, while the Alps separate France from Italy. The Strait of Gibraltar is the boundary between south-western Europe and north-western Africa. This narrow waterway between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea is an important political, economic, and social boundary between the continents. Rivers are common boundaries between nations, states, and smaller political units such as counties. The Rio Grande forms a large part of the boundary between Mexico and the United States. Political Boundaries Political boundaries are the dividing lines between countries, states, provinces, counties, and cities. These lines, more often called borders, are created by people to separate areas governed by different groups Sometimes, political boundaries follow physical boundaries. Political boundaries change over time through wars, treaties, and trade. After World War II, the map of Europe was almost completely redrawn. Germany’s eastern border was moved farther west, and the country itself was later divided into East and West Germany. In 1803, the United States bought 2,147,000 square kilometres (828,800 square miles) of land in a treaty with France. This land, the Louisiana Purchase, expanded the size of the U. S. to include the areas that are now Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, and parts of Minnesota, North and South Dakota, New Mexico, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado, and Louisiana. The western boundary of the U.S. moved from the Mississippi River to what is now Yellowstone National Park. Other Boundaries Political boundaries are just one type of artificial, or man-made, boundary. Other boundaries created by people includelinguistic, economic, and social boundaries Linguistic boundaries form between areas where people speak different languages. Often, these boundaries match political boundaries. For exam ple, the predominant language in France is French, and the predominant language in Germany is German. Economic boundaries divide people with different incomes or levels of wealth. Sometimes these boundaries fall on national borders. The border between the developed country of the United States and the underdeveloped country of Mexico is an economic boundary as well as a political one. Natural resources also play a role in economic boundaries. Social boundaries occur where social differences lead to unequal access to resources and opportunities. Some of these boundary issues include race, gender, religion, and physical abilities. In some places, women may not have access to certain jobs or be allowed to travel in certain areas. In Saudi Arabia, for instance, all women must have a male guardian. This guardian’s approval is required for women to travel, seek health care, manage personal finances, marry, or divorce. This social boundary discourages many women from seeking leadership positions in business or government. Social boundaries can also form along religious lines. The nation of Sudan has many distinct religious social boundaries. Northern Sudan is mostly Muslim, southwestern Sudan is mostly Christian, and southeastern Sudan has more followers of animism than the other two regions. Sudan suffered more than 20 years of civil war, and South Sudan voted to secede from Sudan as a separate nation in 2011. Boundary Dispute:- When two countries disagree about the border that separates them. There are the four types of boundary dispute 1. Definitional disputes (positional disputes) Countries disagree over the legal language of the boundary in the treaty. One country will sue another in World Court. 2. Locational disputes arguments arise when definition of boundary isn’t questioned, but interpretation of the boarder is. usually a physical boarder has shifted -e. g. a river 3. Allocational disputes (resource disputes)arguments arise when definition of boundary isn’t questioned, but the use of it is. Disagreement over who should have access Resources Usually in the ocean or underground. 4. Operational disputes (functional disputes) Arguments arise over how the boarder should be administered e. g. disagreements over immigration and trade. Major reason for boundary dispute This is a main question about the conflicts between statesthat is important to our world today. For example, Israel and Palestine are fighting over land right now and this conflict can be disastrous to many. China is also disputing Japan and the Philippines over two islands as well. So, this question is very alive and well today. With that said, there are many reasons why nations dispute over land. Perhaps the greatest reason why nations dispute land is due to natural resources. What makes land very valuable is what is on or under the land. For example, is there is gas, gold, oil, or any number of other commodities, then that land is very desirable. This is the case with China, Japan and the Philippines. There are debating the deposit of natural gases in the disputed area. Another reason of dispute is access to water, which make the land more fertile. In short, there is usually something about the land that both nations want. Another possible cause is the lack of clear borders. This is what the problem is in the South China Sea and it is also why there is conflict to some extent as the ice melts in the Arctic. The Palestinians and Israelis are not fighting over resources but over the land itself. Sometimes, land is a surrogate for a desire on each side to have power. Often boundary disputes result from differences between distinct cultures, ethnic groups, or political systems. For instance, the mainland Chinese claim that both Tibet and Taiwan are part of China, whereas both India and Pakistan lay claim to Kashmir. Boundary disputes resulting from religious differences include the one just mentioned (between India and Pakistan), as well as various disputes in the mideast. Boundary disputes resulting from ethnic differences are also important, such as those between the Turks and the Kurds. Top ten boundary disputes are describe as fallow:-  · Iran-Iraq-Turkey: the Kurdish homeland issue  · China-Japan-Taiwan: the sovereignty dispute over the Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands and related maritime boundaries  · Japan-Russia: the Kuril Islands/Northern Territories sovereignty dispute  · India-Pakistan: their dispute over Jammu and Kashmir  · Iran-United Arab Emirates: the dispute over Abu Musa and the Tunb islands  · China-South Korea: their unresolved maritime boundary  · The Spratly Islands, disputed among China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Brunei also claims maritime jurisdiction there.  · Japan-South Korea: the sovereignty dispute over Liancourt Rocks (Tokdo/Takeshima) and the related maritime boundary issues  · Armenia-Azerbaijan: the issue of Nagorno-Karabakh The world is divided in countless ways, by seas, cultures, languages, religions and wealth. But the most contentious divide is that of the political borders. They can be traced back to the early Egyptian Dynasties and have shaped the history that we know today. As a result of their long history, borders are ever changing and continually disputed. Some disputes end up being peacefully solved, some end in war, and some continue to this day. Abkhazia and South Ossetia Claims: Georgia vs. Republic of Abkhazia and Republic of South Ossetia Both Abkhazia and South Ossetia are breakaway republics from Georgia in the Caucasus. The two little known territories have battled for independence from Georgia since the 1920s, but are still unsuccessful in their claims. As a result of the Russian Revolution in 1917, under the Soviet Union, Abkhazia and South Ossetia became part of Georgia as two autonomous republics. However, Abkhazia and South Ossetia declared independence from Soviet Georgia in 1923 and 1922 respectively, after wars in the 1920s. Further troubles started in the early 90s, during the demise of the Soviet Union, when Georgia declared independence from the USSR, and adopted its old constitution. Many believed the old constitution would eliminate the autonomy of the regions, but in fact it didn’t. The troubles eventually led to wars in 1992 and 2008. After the 2008 war, Russia officially recognized the countries as two, separate and individual states, and along with Nicaragua, Venezuela, Nauru and Vanuatu is one of the only countries to officially recognize the states. The UN, EU and NATO, however, refuse to recognize Abkhazia and South Ossetia as sovereign states. Kosovo Claims: Republic of Serbia vs. Republic of Kosovo Here we have another, more famous dispute, regarding land that once belonged to a socialist republic. This time however, it involves the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia has a long and interesting history, but we will be concentrating on the decline of the socialist state in the 1990s. During the demise, 5 new states were formed: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia and FR Yugoslavia. FR Yugoslavia also contained the autonomous region of Kosovo. War broke out in 1998-99 when the â€Å"Kosovo Liberation Army† fought for independence against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. The UN was very much on the side of the KLA, and helped with the bombing of FR Yugoslavia. After the war, FR Yugoslavia relinquished all claims to Kosovo and accepted it as a UN controlled region. FR Yugoslavia then split into two individual states, Serbia and Montenegro, in 2006. Kosovo then declared independence from Serbia, on 17th February, 2008, with its capital city as Pristina. It is officially recognized by 80 UN member states, plus Taiwan. It is a member of the IMF and World Bank Group; however it is still, technically, a partially recognized state.

starbucks a global brand

Question: How did the CEO make starbucks a global brand , Benefits of effective relationship marketing in international market and benefit of customer commitment toward the brand ? Answer: Brand that is popular and widely accepted by not only the local consumers, but by the consumers all over the world is known as a global brand. Organizations that are responsible for producing global brands always identify the relative attractiveness of each market for that brand. (Swoboda et al. 2012). International marketing refers to a marketing strategy performed by transatlantic companies or across the border. Within this marketing, the companies are forced to extend their techniques that they use in the main country. In the beginning, Starbucks was just a single caf out in Seattle. They used to make great coffee but their structure was like any other coffee shop with no uniqueness and differences. Then the CEO of the organization implemented some strategies that allowed Starbucks not only to gain competitive advantage but also to become a global brand (Kotabe et al. 2014). Some of those major strategies were values for values, allowing employees the best chance to succeed and listen accurately before responding. Relationship marketing includes several benefits for an organization that is planning to make their mark in global markets. Communication through social media, which is an important tool of relationship marketing, allows an organization to connect with the customers or the followers by sharing relevant content with them that is both educational and entertaining. On the other hand, customers want to feel special and important as most of the times they do not get to feel that way in other areas of life (Swoboda et al. 2012). An organization can fulfill those needs of the customers by providing something that is more than just a product or service such as an experience that they will remember for a long time. A memory that an organization can create with its customers by relationship marketing will drive them to come back more quickly and frequently, thus develops business opportunity. The biggest benefits of customer loyalty comes from word-of-mouth advertising when existing customers of an organization such as Starbuck will recommend the brand to his friends and families. Besides, an organization will be able to keep its strong even in poor times, as loyal customers will never walk away. The Chinese changed the tea drinking habit because tea is one of the oldest cultures of China. The Chinese are working towards, and researching to the method of effective tea drinking made them go with the change in the culture. The consumers of China even want to divert their traditional views about the drinking and are trying to be more western is also the reason of changing the tea habit of China. China is an important part of the market in the Starbucks because, after 14 years of persuasion to China and make them buy the foreign coffee culture the Starbucks aimed to make the rapid expansion of the company. The company even aimed to capture a larger market with the strategy of going local rather cultural. It is expected that Starbucks will gain more success by targeting local preferences rather than cultural preferences. A joint venture of the company is defined as the commercial enterprise taken up jointly by either two or more parties retaining the individual identities (Kotabe et al. 2014). The advantages of the joint ventures in China are: The class of consumers expands in a rapid sense. The middle and upper class of people can now afford to buy commodities beyond necessity. Western brands are regarded as the most demanding because the brands provide good qualities of products and customer service. Also, the western franchises bring new and updated system is the business procedure. China made effective measures for the business owners to come and establish their business or making a franchise or enter in the joint venture. The second and third tier cities are now open for the business as there is an increase of potential customers who would prefer expensive and Western commodities. The disadvantages of the joint ventures in China are: The intellectual property protection is not secured in the business with an inadequate legal framework. Many local companies take the name and logo to form a fake company which may adversely affect the goodwill of the qualified brands. The local managers do not have management skills. The evaluating license is a tough job. Lots of markets increase the competition hence; sometimes the product has to be sold at fewer prices to survive in the market. Intermediate market entry mode is applied when an organization can transfer some of their value chain into a foreign market where it is going to expand its business. Four primary types of Intermediate entry modes are contract manufacturing, licensing, joint venture and franchising (Wang et al. 2013). Contract manufacturing entry strategy within intermediate market entry mode can be applied when an organization is planning to communicate with the foreign customers closely. Besides, if the foreign production costs are low including transportation cost, then companies deicide to transfer their manufacturing unit in that country. Biggest example of such decision is Apple as their biggest I-Phone manufacturing unit is located in China (Mukherjee and Tsai 2013). On the other hand, another intermediate entry mode strategy that is Discuss licensing is different from contract manufacturing as it contains long-term policies along with greater responsibilities to complete. One such example is the contract between Toyota and Witricity. References: Brown, M.A., Staver, B., Smith, A.M. and Sibley, J., 2015. Alternative Business Models for Energy Efficiency: Emerging Trends in the Southeast.The Electricity Journal,28(4), pp.103-117. Hattox, R.S., 2014.Coffee and coffeehouses: the origins of a social beverage in the medieval Near East. University of Washington Press. Kotabe, M., Jiang, C.X. and Murray, J.Y., 2014. Examining the complementary effect of political networking capability with absorptive capacity on the innovative performance of emerging-market firms.Journal of Management, p.0149206314548226. Mukherjee, A. and Tsai, Y., 2013. Technology licensing under optimal tax policy.Journal of Economics,108(3), pp.231-247. Swoboda, B., Pennemann, K. and Taube, M., 2012. The effects of perceived brand globalness and perceived brand localness in China: Empirical evidence on western, Asian, and domestic retailers.Journal of International Marketing,20(4), pp.72-95. Wang, K.C.A., Liang, W.J. and Chou, P.S., 2013. Patent licensing under cost asymmetry among firms.Economic Modelling,31, pp.297-307.

Sample Essay on Negligence - Tips on How to Write a Good Example Essay on Negligence

Sample Essay on Negligence - Tips on How to Write a Good Example Essay on NegligenceIn preparing for your sample essay on negligence, you must ensure that the essay is clear and concise so that it makes a strong first impression on your reader. The key to having a successful sample essay on negligence is making sure that it does not overwhelm you and, moreover, that it is extremely relevant to your readers.Sometimes we might feel that we don't need to write about certain things because the problem seems so large. However, the truth is that the mistake that most students make is to try to fit everything into their essay without thinking about all the points to be made. If you wish to succeed in writing a good example essay on negligence, then you should make sure that you are concentrating on the main aspects of the topic rather than trying to jam everything into your paper.One of the main points you need to make clear in your essay is that there are several types of negligence, each with its own implications. For example, the type of negligence can be carelessness, negligence which takes place due to carelessness or recklessness or, at worst, deliberate negligence. In addition, if the case is one of public policy, negligence is usually either a wrongful act or negligence by an employer. Here, the distinction between common and extreme negligence comes into play.While the law does not strictly define what is negligence and what is carelessness, there are certain guidelines on what type of negligence is considered extreme. For example, the type of negligence which is common may not always be severe enough to be defined as extreme.Therefore, in case you are trying to distinguish whether a particular case is extreme or not, you should focus on the issue in hand. The more you know about the facts of the case, the better chances you have of making a well-crafted example essay on negligence. Again, your focus should be on the main issues that you wish to raise.Another important aspect of a sample essay on negligence is that you do not try to write the whole thing from scratch. Rather, you should try to follow the examples given. Using the examples as a guideline will help you write the essay effectively and persuasively.Finally, the most important thing to remember is that your essay should not be too long. Ideally, you should try to keep your sample essay on negligence to no more than two hundred and fifty words. The reason for this is that a short yet effective example essay on negligence will be an effective introduction for your readers and a good starting point for you to explain your own case.Hopefully, you have gained some useful information from the information I have written here on sample essays on negligence. If you have, then you will be able to write a good example essay on negligence in no time.

Amazon Ads For Authors Two Case Studies Showing That They Do Work

Amazon Ads For Authors Two Case Studies Showing That They Do Work Amazon Ads for Authors: Two Case Studies Showing They Do Work Amazon ads have been the talk of indie author town since Amazon opened its AMS platform to all KDP users in 2016. While Facebook ads become increasingly competitive, as Mark Dawson already predicted on this blog back in 2015, Amazon has made huge improvements to their advertising platform, and are progressively becoming one of the most favored channels for marketing a book.Like any other advertising platform, the AMS platform comes with its own challenges and learning curve. And like any other platform, success largely depends on data analysis and iteration. In this post, we’ll analyze two case studies (one fiction, one nonfiction) and try to understand what these authors are doing right.A brief intro to Amazon AMS adsBefore we get into the case studies, it’s important to have a look at what Amazon ads do. If you’re already familiar with them - or have taken the Reedsy Learning course on Amazon ads for authors, or Dave Chesson's video training - you can skip th is part.When judging any advertising platform, you should think about four crucial things:Placement: where do the ads show up?Targeting: how can I decide whom the ads get shown to?Cost: when am I being charged? What is the minimum I need to invest?Analytics: how do I know if my ads are working or not?PlacementThere are two types of ads you can try on Amazon:Sponsored Product: these ads show up on search result listings and other books’ product pages (below the â€Å"also boughts†).The main thing to note is that his targeting is automatic.â€Å"Here’s my logic: Amazon knows! It’s creepy, but Amazon knows what you’re shopping for, what you’ve been looking at, what your interests are and how best to deliver the right advert at the right time.†For more insights into Joseph’s campaigns, take our free course on Amazon ads! Two of the 10 lessons are written by him and he shares everything about his process. On top of that, Joseph's a freelance book marketer on Reedsy. If you’re a non-fiction author looking to self-publish or to dabble with AMS ads, you can get in touch with him and seek his help.Takeaways for nonfiction authors:Try Sponsored Product ads first;If your book’s metadata is well-optimized, go for automatic targeting;Even if the ACoS isn't the best, consider the number of impressions you're getting and the impact in brand awareness.What's your experience with the AMS ad platform been like?   Share your insights with us below. If you have any questions for Annelie and Joseph, feel free to ask in the comments as well!

Richard Nixons Role in the Watergate Cover-Up

Richard Nixons Role in the Watergate Cover-Up While it is not known if  President Nixon  knew about or was involved in ordering the break-in at the Watergate Hotel, it is known that he and White House Chief of Staff H. R. Bob Haldeman were recorded on June 23, 1972, discussing using the CIA to obstruct the FBIs investigation of the Watergate break-ins. He even asked the CIA to slow the FBIs investigation, claiming national-security risks. These revelations led to Nixons resignation when it became apparent that he would probably be impeached. Denial When burglars were caught on June 17, 1972, breaking in to the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate Hotel- attempting to place wiretaps and steal secret DNC papers- it didn’t help their case that one of them had the phone number of the White House office of the Committee to Re-Elect the President. Nevertheless, the White House denied any involvement or knowledge of the break-in. Nixon did so, personally, as well. Addressing the nation two months later, he said not only that he was not involved, but that his staff wasn’t either. Three months after that, Nixon was re-elected in a landslide. Impeding the Investigation What Nixon did not tell the nation during his speech was that as early as two months before, less than a week after the burglars were caught, he was secretly discussing how to get the FBI to back off of their investigation. Haldeman, can be heard on White House tapes specifically telling Nixon that the FBI investigation was going â€Å"in some directions we don’t want it to go.† As a result, Nixon decided to have the CIA approach the FBI to take the investigation off their hands. The sentiment Haldeman shared with Nixon was that the CIA’s investigation could be controlled in ways that the FBI’s could not. Hush Money As the investigations went on, Nixon’s fear mounted that the burglars would start cooperating- and would tell everything they knew. On March 21, 1973, it was later revealed, the secret White House recording system taped Nixon discussing with White House Counsel John Dean how to raise $120,000 to pay off one of the burglars, who was demanding cash for his continued silence. Nixon went on to explore how they could secretly raise as much as a million dollars to distribute to the burglars- without the money being traced back to the White House. Some cash was, in fact, distributed to the conspirators as early as just 12 hours after that meeting. The Nixon Tapes After investigators learned of the existence of the tapes, Nixon refused to release them. When the independent counsel investigating Watergate refused to relent in his demands for the tapes, Nixon had the Department of Justice replace him. Only after the Supreme Court intervened to order the tapes released did Nixon comply. And even then, there was what has now become famous as the 18-1/2 minute gap. The tapes proved conclusively Nixon’s knowledge of and involvement in the cover-up and, with the Senate preparing to impeach him, he resigned just three days after the tapes were released. The new president- Gerald Ford- quickly turned around and pardoned Nixon. Listen Thanks to  Watergate.info, you can actually hear whats referred to the smoking-gun.